Feco-Prevalence and Associated Factors of H. Pylori Infection Among Adult Dyspeptic Patients Attending Public Health Centers at Adama Woreda, Oromia, Ethiopia
Legese Lemma Zeme,
Yohannes Beneberu,
Girma Mulisa
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
46-54
Received:
21 July 2022
Accepted:
4 August 2022
Published:
10 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.fem.20220803.11
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Abstract: Approximately 4.4 billion people worldwide are estimated to be positive for H. pylori. In developing countries like Ethiopia supposed to be a high prevalence and exposure of H. pylori infection where bacterial transmission is facilitated by poor hygiene and sanitation conditions. In addition, many studies used serology rapid tests for the detection of H. pylori which have questionable performance in detecting acute infection. Thus this study aimed to determine Feco-prevalence and associated factors of H. pylori infection among adult dyspeptic patients attending public health centers at Adama Woreda, East Shoa zone, Oromia, Ethiopia from May to July 2021 by stool Antigen test. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 356 adult dyspeptic patients by using a systematic random sampling technique. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and potential associated factors of H. pylori infection were collected by a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. H. pylori stool antigens were detected by Wondfo one-step H. pylori feces test kit according to the manufacturer`s instruction. Data entries were done by EPI info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Binary and multiple logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors. Association between variables was considered statistically significant only if A two-sided P-value <0.05 at a 95% confidence level. Result: The overall Feco-Prevalence of H. pylori infection among dyspeptic patient accounts 23.0% (95% CI: 19.1, 27.5). Among many possible factors unable to read and write [AOR]: 6.4 (1.9, 21.3)] and elementary educational status [AOR]: 4.2 (1.3, 13.19)], being blood group O [AOR]: 33.4 (5.9, 189.8)], drinking alcohol [AOR]: 6.4 (1.1, 36.6)], eating raw vegetables and fruit [AOR]: 6.2 (2.4, 15.7)] and not hand washing habit before a meal [AOR]: 24.5 (7.4, 81.6)] were a strong predictor of H. Pylori infection. Conclusion and recommendation; this study indicated overall H. pylori Feco-prevalence was found to be 23%. Among several possible factors unable to read and write, being in blood group O, drinking alcohol, and not hand washing habit before the meal were significant determinants of H. pylori. Therefore; we recommend improving personal and environmental sanitation including water to reduce the burden of this bacterium.
Abstract: Approximately 4.4 billion people worldwide are estimated to be positive for H. pylori. In developing countries like Ethiopia supposed to be a high prevalence and exposure of H. pylori infection where bacterial transmission is facilitated by poor hygiene and sanitation conditions. In addition, many studies used serology rapid tests for the detection...
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Freshwater Linked Resistance Profile and Prevalence of Escherichia Coli Producing ESBL Type CTX-M Strains in Cameroon Urban Cities
Cecile Ingrid Djuikoue,
Farid Wega,
Audrey Limou Dayomo,
Cedric Dylan Seugnou Nana,
Dorine Ngatcheu Ekeu,
Celianthe Guegang Guegang,
Dana Djouela Djoulako,
Kensese Sontin Mossanda,
Venant Tchokonte Nana,
Omer Njajou
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
55-61
Received:
9 August 2022
Accepted:
26 August 2022
Published:
5 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.fem.20220803.12
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Abstract: Mutualistic human digestive bacteria resistant to antibiotics released into the environment have negative effects on health. The aim of this study was to describe the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains producing extended spectrum β-lactamases of the CTX-M type strains in three urban cities of Cameroon. A total of 79 E. coli strains resistant to cefotaxime were isolated from 200 freshwater samples collected and inoculated in EMB medium supplemented with cefotaxime. Isolated colonies were subjected to an antibiogram according to CA-SFM 2019 and the risk factors associated with their prevalence were also assessed. The results showed that 51% of samples were positive for E. coli CTX-M, a large portion of which (77.4%) produced an extended spectrum β-lactamases-CTX-M type. Meanwhile, only 59% of strains were resistant to β-lactamases. A co-resistance to cotrimoxazole (81%), aminoglycosides (57.3%), quinolones (43%), and fluoroquinolones (17.7%) has been reported. Interestingly, E. coli resistant to cefotaxime strains was influenced by the points of collection, latrines proximity and human activities. A multivariate analysis indicated 39.5% of E. coli ESBL CTX-M strains prevalence associated with proximity to latrines and human activities. The Increasing E. coli ESBL CTX-M strains prevalence in Cameroon is indeed a public health concern. Therefore, a “One Health Approach Operationalization Program” that would include sensitizing the population and improving sanitation interventions in effective waste management, is crucial in maintaining a healthy environment.
Abstract: Mutualistic human digestive bacteria resistant to antibiotics released into the environment have negative effects on health. The aim of this study was to describe the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains producing extended spectrum β-lactamases of the CTX-M type strains in three urban cities of Cameroon. A total of 79 E. coli strains resi...
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Spatio-Temporal Variability of Resistance Phenotypes of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Drinking Water in the Village of M'pody (Côte d’Ivoire)
Therese Kouassi Agbessi,
Aubin Tchape Gbagbo,
Anderson Richmond Djatchi,
Claude Berenger Ngalemo Ngantchouko,
Joseph Serge Lathro,
Mian Asher Cablan,
Fatoumata Ouattara,
Christophe N’cho Amin
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
62-68
Received:
4 August 2022
Accepted:
5 September 2022
Published:
16 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.fem.20220803.13
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Abstract: In M’pody village from Anyama district, a diarrhea epidemy was detected in January 2020. According to the population involved, these diarrhea cases could be linked to consumption of water from rural hydraulic water supply for almost 3 years. Access to safe drinking water is a prerequisite for good health. Poor drinking water quality is responsible for almost 90% of diarrhoeal diseases and 40% of deaths in developing countries. In addition, in recent years, several studies in both Europe and North America have indicated the presence of antibiotic multidrug-resistant (MDR), Enterobacteriaceae (including Escherichia coli) or genes coding for antibiotic resistance in various aquatic environments. The present work was carried out with the objective of assessing the bacterial contamination of well and borehole water in the locality of M'pody and determining the level of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli strains isolated from these waters as well as their resistance phenotypes. Samples of well and borehole water were collected and analyzed using membrane filter method and antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains isolated from these waters was tested using agar diffusion technique in respect with the recommendations of the Antibiogram Committee of the French Microbiology Society. Microbiological analysis of water samples showed that water was contaminated by E. coli, well water being more polluted than the water from the borehole. High resistance was observed against amoxicillin (43.8 to 82.1%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (37.5% to 52.6%) and ticarcillin (37.5% and 66.1%). High levels of resistance were also observed against cefalotin (18.8% to 53.6%) and cefuroxime (9.4% to 48.2%). No resistance was observed with 3rd generation of cephalosporins. Several resistance phenotypes were observed, TRI phenotype dominating followed by PHN phenotype, PBN phenotype and then CBN phenotype. This study revealed existence of resistant strains in the groundwater of M'pody which would justify implementation of a surveillance of bacterial resistance to antibiotics to limit dissemination and transmission to humans.
Abstract: In M’pody village from Anyama district, a diarrhea epidemy was detected in January 2020. According to the population involved, these diarrhea cases could be linked to consumption of water from rural hydraulic water supply for almost 3 years. Access to safe drinking water is a prerequisite for good health. Poor drinking water quality is responsible ...
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