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Role of Plant-Microbe Interactions in Rhizoremediation of Petroleum Product-Polluted Nigerian Soils
Umeaku Chinyelu Nkiru,
Okpokwasili Gideon Chijioke,
Iwuala Moses,
Nwigwe Harriet Chinyelu,
Chris-Umeaku Chiamaka Ijeoma
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, April 2019
Pages:
36-47
Received:
13 June 2018
Accepted:
8 March 2019
Published:
12 April 2019
Abstract: Plant-microbe interactions in petroleum product-contaminated soils were examined under field conditions, to analyze the effects of environmental factors on rhizoremediation. Different plant types (elephant grass, cassava, carpet grass, Indian bamboo, fern, palm and a mixture of these plants) were considered. The abundance of effective indigenous microorganisms (EIM) and remediation time were also considered. Eight soil samples were collected from crude oil-contaminated sites of Ogoni, Rivers State, Nigeria. Total viable counts were taken using spread plate methods. Hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms using mineral salt agar with crude oil vapor phase gave counts in the range of 102 – 108. Gas Chromatographic – FID methods gave results of 9 field samples for TPH to range from 0.96 mg/kg for control to 4,650 mg/kg for oil well 3 without vegetation. Polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of 9 field samples ranged from 0.26 mg/kg for control to 30.066 mg/kg depending on the extent of pollution of the site. Mixed plant population showed abundance of EIM (108) and greater TPH and PAH removal. The effect of time on the concentration of TPH and PAH in the different samples show that significant difference exist, P – value = 0.420. Microbial counts are significantly different over time, also microbial counts are significantly different in the different samples (F-value = 3.15, 2.76, 2.53, 2.1, 1.92 and 1.7) for rows, columns and layers. Local Nigerian plants could promote rhizoremediation of crude oil polluted soils.
Abstract: Plant-microbe interactions in petroleum product-contaminated soils were examined under field conditions, to analyze the effects of environmental factors on rhizoremediation. Different plant types (elephant grass, cassava, carpet grass, Indian bamboo, fern, palm and a mixture of these plants) were considered. The abundance of effective indigenous mi...
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Assessment of Different PGPR Formulations as a Biological Fertilizer in Cultivation of Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima)
Fazilet Parlakova Karagoz,
Atilla Dursun
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, April 2019
Pages:
48-59
Received:
13 March 2019
Accepted:
23 April 2019
Published:
20 May 2019
Abstract: Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.ex Klotzsch.) is one of the most important potted plants. This research was carried out to determine effects of different PGPR formulations, chemical fertilizers and their combinations on plant growth characteristics and nutrient content of growing medium in two different cultivars (Christmas Feelings and Christmas Eve) of poinsettia. The research was conducted in climate controlled research greenhouse between July 2015 and July 2017. The applications were created as formulation 1 (Paenibacillus polymyxa TV-12E + Pseudomonas putida TV-42A + Pantoea agglomerans RK-79), formulation 2 (Bacillus megaterium TV-91C + Pantoea agglomerans RK-92 + Bacillus subtilis TV-17C), formulation 3 (Bacillus megaterium TV-91C + Pantoea agglomerans RK-92 + Kluyvera cryocrescens TV-113C), formulation 4 (Bacillus megaterium TV-91C + Pantoea agglomerans RK-79 + Bacillus megaterium TV-6D), the full amount of commonly used chemical fertilizer (150 g·100L-1) (100% CF) and by combining the reduced amount of chemical fertilizer by (75 g 100L-1) 50% with each bacterial formulation and control. Some plant growth parameters (the first flower (average number of days between flowering of the first plant) (day), total growing time up to marketable commercial size (average number of days between time for the forming red colour of 50% of bracts leaves and the first plant) (day), main flower stalk length (cm) and main flower stalk diameter (mm), total number of leaves (number plant-1), root collar diameter (mm), fresh weight of plant (g), dry weight of plant (g)) and growing medium characteristics were evaluated in the experiment. In addition to the recommended amount of chemical fertilizer application (100% CF) in poinsettia cultivation, BI and BIII bacterial formulation applications were found positive effects on shortening the time until flowering and early flowering. The poinsettia plants grew shortest time marketable commercial size when supplied with BIII+CF application comparing to control. The bacterial viability in the growth medium ranged from 4.91x106 cfu ml-1 to 1.80x107 cfu ml-1. The maximum total nitrogen (1008.00%) was obtained from BIV application. The highest solvable phosphorus (12.32 ppm) amount was determined in the BIV+CF while the highest potassium (2.02 cmol kg-1) and calcium (8299.03 mg kg-1) amount were found in the BIII application. The poinsettia plants were absorbed sufficient nutrients from the growth medium in CF, BI, BI+CF, BII, BII+CF, BIII, BIII+CF applications and increased in their plant growth and biomass. The bacterial formulations may be used as efficient PGPR for poinsettia production in farmer's greenhouse to reduce the need for chemical fertilizer and improve plant growth.
Abstract: Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.ex Klotzsch.) is one of the most important potted plants. This research was carried out to determine effects of different PGPR formulations, chemical fertilizers and their combinations on plant growth characteristics and nutrient content of growing medium in two different cultivars (Christmas Feelings and Chr...
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Utilization of Some Agro-Wastes for Cultivation of Pluerotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) in Keffi Nigeria
Odonye Enoch Peter,
Galleh Raphael Peter,
Ishaya Isa Obele,
Gabriel Owuna,
Makut Makwin Danladi,
Smart Obiekieze,
Ombugadu Akwashiki
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, April 2019
Pages:
60-69
Received:
9 April 2019
Accepted:
27 May 2019
Published:
15 July 2019
Abstract: Commercial crop production and many other agro-industrial activities generate large amount of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. This research is aimed at the utilization of some of these agro-wastes for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) in Keffi area. The agro-wastes (cassava peels (CP), banana leaves (BL), saw dust (SD), yam peels (YP) and groundnut shells (GS) were collected, sorted, shredded, sterilized and inoculated with equal proportions of Pleurotus ostreatus (P. osreatus) for a period of four weeks. Rate of mycelia growth, temperature, mycological identification, nutritional contents of P. osreatus harvested and microbial isolation from the spent mushroom substrates were analyzed. The numbers of days for complete ramification of the substrates by mycelia of P. osreatus were; 18 days for BL and GS, 24 days for CP and YP while 30 days for SD. The room temperature within the period of exposure for fruiting of the ramified substrates ranges between 22°C to 28°C in the morning, 23°C to 30°C in the afternoon and 25°C to 31°C in the evening throughout the period of exposure. The nutritional contents of the Pleurotus ostreatus from the different substrates analysed were, Moisture content was highest in SD (87.05%) and lest in GS (80.71%), Protein content was highest in GS (38.13%) and lowest in BL (16.43%), Lipid content was highest in GS (4.62%) and lest in CP (1.83%), Carbohydrate content was highest in CP (78.40%) and lest in GS (71.66%), Fibre content was highest in BL (9.10%) and lest in YP (8.20%) while Ash content was highest in GS (7.37%) and lest in YP (6.42%). Five bacteria species (Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus roseus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) and two yeast species (Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis) were isolated from the spent mushroom substrates.
Abstract: Commercial crop production and many other agro-industrial activities generate large amount of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. This research is aimed at the utilization of some of these agro-wastes for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) in Keffi area. The agro-wastes (cassava peels (CP), banana leaves (BL), saw dust (SD),...
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